00533--THE PHILOSOPHY OF PYTHAGORAS

THE PHILOSOPHY OF PYTHAGORAS

NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER	Pythagoras
BRANCH	Metaphysics
APPROACH	Pythagoreanism
PHILOSOPHY	1.      Everything in the universe conforms to mathematical rules and ratios.    2.       So if we understand number and mathematical relationships we come to understand the structure of the cosmos. 3.          Mathematics is the key model for philosophical thought. 4.       Number is the ruler of forms. 5.       Number is the ruler of ideas.
GIST	Number is the ruler of forms. Number is the ruler of ideas.
KEY WORKS	**********
QUOTES	1.      “There is geometry in the humming of the strings, there is music in the spacing of the spheres.” 2.      “Reason is immortal, all else is mortal.”

00532--THE PHILOSOPHY OF JOHN RAWLS

THE PHILOSOPHY OF JOHN RAWLS

NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER	JOHN RAWLS
BRANCH	POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
APPROACH	SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
PHILOSOPHY	1.      We all want to further our own interests 2.      To do this we need to work together 3.      This requires rules 4.      Rules that are fair and just must apply equally to all, ignoring social status. 5.      The principles of justice should be chosen behind a veil of ignorance.
GIST	The principles of justice should be chosen behind a veil of ignorance.
KEY WORKS	1971 A Theory of Justice 1993 Political Liberalism 1999 The Law of Peoples 2000 Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy 2001 Justice as Fairness: A Restatement

00528-- Confucius’ Analysis of Relationships OR The Five Constant Relationships

Confucius’ Analysis of Relationships

OR               

The Five Constant Relationships

Sovereign-Subject

               

Rulers should be benevolent, and subjects loyal.

               

Father-Sun

                

A parent is to be loving, a child obedient.

                

Husband-Wife

Husbands are to be good and fair, and wives understanding.

              

Elder Brother-Younger Brother

An elder sibling is to be gentle, and younger siblings respectful.

                 

Friend-Friend

Older friends are to be considerate, younger friends reverential.

00527--THE PHILOSOPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSEL

THE PHILOSOPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSEL

NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER	BERTRAND RUSSEL
BRANCH	ETHICS
APPROACH	ANALYTIC PHILOSOPY
PHILOSOPHY	1.      Our attitudes to work are irrational. 2.      We value different types of works differently. 3.      We assume that work is good in itself. 4.      These attitudes lead to unhappiness. 5.      So we should recognize what work is genuinely valuable, and only do this. 6.       Working less will increase human happiness.
GIST	Working less will increase human happiness.
KEY WORKS	1.       1903 THE PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATICS 2.       1910, 1912, and 1913 (3vols) PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA 3.       1914 OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXTERNAL WORLD 4.       1927 THE ANALYSIS OF MATTER 5.       1956 LOGIC AND KNOWLEDGE
QUOTES	·         Immense harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous. ·         The morality of work is the morality of slaves, and the modern world has no need of slavery.