Showing posts with label PHILOSOPHY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PHILOSOPHY. Show all posts

00533--THE PHILOSOPHY OF PYTHAGORAS



THE PHILOSOPHY OF PYTHAGORAS
NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER

Pythagoras
BRANCH

Metaphysics
APPROACH

Pythagoreanism
PHILOSOPHY

1.      Everything in the universe conforms to mathematical rules and ratios.   
2.       So if we understand number and mathematical relationships we come to understand the structure of the cosmos.
3.          Mathematics is the key model for philosophical thought.
4.       Number is the ruler of forms.
5.       Number is the ruler of ideas.
             
GIST

Number is the ruler of forms.
Number is the ruler of ideas.

KEY WORKS

**********          
QUOTES
1.      “There is geometry in the humming of the strings, there is music in the spacing of the spheres.”
2.      “Reason is immortal, all else is mortal.”




00532--THE PHILOSOPHY OF JOHN RAWLS






THE PHILOSOPHY OF JOHN RAWLS


NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER

JOHN RAWLS
BRANCH

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

APPROACH

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

PHILOSOPHY

1.      We all want to further our own interests
2.      To do this we need to work together
3.      This requires rules
4.      Rules that are fair and just must apply equally to all, ignoring social status.
5.      The principles of justice should be chosen behind a veil of ignorance.


GIST

The principles of justice should be chosen behind a veil of ignorance.

KEY WORKS

1971 A Theory of Justice
1993 Political Liberalism
1999 The Law of Peoples
2000 Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy
2001 Justice as Fairness: A Restatement


00528-- Confucius’ Analysis of Relationships OR The Five Constant Relationships





Confucius’ Analysis of Relationships
OR               
The Five Constant Relationships



Sovereign-Subject
               
Rulers should be benevolent, and subjects loyal.

               
Father-Sun
                
A parent is to be loving, a child obedient.

                
Husband-Wife

Husbands are to be good and fair, and wives understanding.

              
Elder Brother-Younger Brother

An elder sibling is to be gentle, and younger siblings respectful.

                 
Friend-Friend

Older friends are to be considerate, younger friends reverential.

00527--THE PHILOSOPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSEL





THE PHILOSOPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSEL

NAME OF THE PHILOSOPHER

BERTRAND RUSSEL
BRANCH

ETHICS
APPROACH

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPY
PHILOSOPHY

1.      Our attitudes to work are irrational.
2.      We value different types of works differently.
3.      We assume that work is good in itself.
4.      These attitudes lead to unhappiness.
5.      So we should recognize what work is genuinely valuable, and only do this.
6.       Working less will increase human happiness.
GIST

Working less will increase human happiness.
KEY WORKS

1.       1903 THE PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATICS
2.       1910, 1912, and 1913 (3vols) PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA
3.       1914 OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXTERNAL WORLD
4.       1927 THE ANALYSIS OF MATTER
5.       1956 LOGIC AND KNOWLEDGE

QUOTES
·         Immense harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous.
·         The morality of work is the morality of slaves, and the modern world has no need of slavery.



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